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Judy Chicago
Judy Chicago (born Judith Sylvia Cohen; July 20, 1939 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American feminist artist, art educator,〔Chicago, Judy. (2014). ''Institutional Time.'' The Monacelli Press.〕 and writer known for her large collaborative art installation pieces which examine the role of women in history and culture. Born in Chicago, Illinois, as Judith Cohen, she changed her name after the death of her father and her first husband, choosing to disconnect from the idea of male dominated naming conventions. By the 1970s, Chicago had coined the term "feminist art" and had founded the first feminist art program in the United States. Chicago's work incorporates stereotypical women's artistic skills, such as needlework, counterbalanced with stereotypical male skills such as welding and pyrotechnics. Chicago's masterpiece is ''The Dinner Party'', which is in the collection of the Brooklyn Museum.
==Early personal life==
Judy Chicago was born Judith Sylvia Cohen〔Levin in Bloch and Umansky, 305〕 in 1939, to Arthur and May Cohen, in Chicago, Illinois. Her father came from a twenty-three generation lineage of rabbis, including the Vilna Gaon. Unlike his family predecessors, Arthur became a labor organizer and a Marxist.〔 He worked nights at a post office and took care of Chicago during the day, while May, who was a former dancer, worked as a medical secretary.〔〔 Arthur's active participation in the American Communist Party, liberal views towards women and support of worker's rights strongly influenced Chicago's ways of thinking and belief.〔Levin in Bloch and Umansky, 306〕 During McCarthyism era in the 1950s, Arthur was investigated, which made it difficult for him to find work and caused the family much turmoil.〔 In 1945, while Chicago was alone at home with her infant brother, Ben, an FBI agent visited their house. The agent began to ask the six-year-old Chicago questions about her father and his friends, but the agent was interrupted upon the return of May to the house.〔 Arthur's health declined, and he died in 1953 from peritonitis. May would not discuss his death with her children and did not allow them to attend the funeral. Chicago did not come to terms with his death until she was an adult; in the early 1960s she was hospitalized for almost a month with a bleeding ulcer attributed to unresolved grief.〔Felder and Rosen, 279.〕
May loved the arts, and instilled her passion for them in her children, as evident in Chicago's future as an artist, and brother Ben's eventual career as a potter. At age of three, Chicago began to draw and was sent to the Art Institute of Chicago to attend classes.〔〔Wydler and Lippard, 5.〕 By the age of 5, Chicago knew that she "never wanted to do anything but make art"〔 and started attending classes at the Art Institute of Chicago.〔 She applied but was denied admission to the Art Institute,〔 and instead attended UCLA on a scholarship.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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